How to Diagnose and Treat ADHD
Many people believe that ADHD is only a condition of children, however it can also affect adults. When diagnosed and treated for ADHD the patient can improve their life.
Interviewing the person and their family members could be part of an evaluation for ADHD. The specialist could review old school records in order to determine whether symptoms began as an infant.
Signs and symptoms
ADHD is a condition that can affect school, work as well as home life. Everyone has difficulty concentrating and staying organized from time to time. A person must show major symptoms in two of these areas, and that they significantly affect the way they function in their daily lives to be diagnosed with ADHD. The symptoms must have been present for at least six months.
A doctor will ask the patient about his or her symptoms, as well as about any medical concerns and family history. They can also use rating systems to assess symptoms in adults or children. These questionnaires are often built on the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders Fifth Edition (DSM-5). They ask regarding symptoms like inattention, hyperactivity and an impulsive nature.
Adults may be asked to talk with their spouse or someone they know well. This isn't to question the authenticity of the person, but rather to gain more insight into a person's behavior that can't be obtained from an interview. It is also possible to inquire about childhood behavior and use the old school records to determine if the symptoms started before the age of 12.
Before determining a diagnosis the doctor will conduct a physical exam and do tests on the lab to rule out any other health issues, like head injuries or thyroid issues that may cause similar symptoms. The doctor will also go over the patient's medications. Doctors will take into consideration the interaction between stimulants and specific medications prescribed for depression, high-blood pressure, and other issues. This is the reason it's crucial for adults to speak to their primary healthcare providers in the event that they suspect they have ADHD.
Diagnosis
For a person to be diagnosed with ADHD symptoms must manifest in two or more settings (like school, home and work) and have a significant impact on functioning. They must also have started at the age of 12 and the impairment must not be due to another disorder, such as depression or anxiety.
A mental health professional will employ different tools to assess the patient, including ADHD symptom lists, standardized behaviour rating scales, and a detailed medical history. They might also talk to friends and family members to see how the person's symptoms have affected them. They'll ask whether the symptoms are similar to those of other psychiatric disorders or physical ailments.
The evaluators will consider whether the symptoms are mild or severe. They will also look at the person's medical history as well as family history to determine if there isn't any underlying reason for their symptoms like thyroid disorders or head injuries, or medications.
In some instances, the evaluator might want to conduct cognitive testing or ask the person to undergo an imaging test to determine the cause of their symptoms such as learning disabilities. People with these problems typically present differently than those who do not have them. For example, boys tend to show hyperactive symptoms and girls exhibit inattention symptoms.
Some people with ADHD are interested in participating in an experiment in order to try out new treatments. While this is a fantastic opportunity to contribute to further research, it is crucial for participants to realize that the purpose behind these studies is to gain information from the scientific community and does not necessarily ensure that they will receive treatment. For more information about clinical trials, please visit NIMH's Clinical Trials fact sheet.
Treatment
For a person who suspects they have ADHD, it's important to find an expert trained in diagnosing the disorder. Check with your health insurance provider to find out whether ADHD specialists are covered, and then seek referrals from family doctors or other health professionals. Also, word-of-mouth referrals are a good option.
A doctor will speak with the patient -or their parents, in the case of children, about symptoms. They may use checklists that are standard or ADHD symptoms, and also ask other people in the patient's life for details including spouses and their families. Personal insight will reveal more than can be gleaned from questionnaires.
Experts will also look over documents from the past and reports, particularly those from the past. The diagnosis of ADHD is often dependent on the past of a person. To be diagnosed, symptoms must have existed since the time of childhood (technically before age 12).
A physical exam is also typically performed. It will look for any other medical conditions that may be the cause of symptoms, like seizure disorders or thyroid problems. The expert will often conduct a neurological exam which tests for motor control and coordination. Psychological tests, which are designed to assess the ability and intelligence of a person, could be utilized too. A person may be asked to perform simple computer tasks to test attention and memory. This could help an expert determine whether a person is hyperactive or inattentive. The expert will determine the diagnosis and suggest treatment. Treatment plans typically consist of therapy and medication. Psychotherapy, also known as talk therapy can teach adults and children healthy coping strategies and alter unhelpful thinking patterns. This therapy can be provided by a primary physician or a mental health professional who is a specialist in adult ADHD.
Medication
Many people suffering from ADHD get better by taking medication, but it's not the only method to treat the condition. Adults, teens and children can also benefit from behavioral therapy, psychotherapy or any combination of the two. These therapies assist them in dealing with their ADHD symptoms and learn how to manage them. Psychoeducation, which is a form of education on ADHD and how to manage it, could be included. They may involve teachers, family members, and other professionals.
It is essential to find a medical professional or mental health professional with previous experience treating ADHD. You can ask other people who suffer from ADHD for suggestions or a mental health provider you know. You can also do an internet search. It is best to locate an expert who is familiar with your insurance plan.
The doctor will inquire with you or your child about symptoms and issues caused by ADHD. They will conduct a physical exam and check for other health problems that could cause similar symptoms. They will go over your your child's medical history and family history, school records, and other reports.
The American Psychiatric Association's (DSM-V), which is designed to diagnose children is more difficult time diagnosing ADHD in adults. Your doctor will talk to you or your child about the signs and may also request others who spend many hours with them to fill out questionnaires and checklists. They will use these to help them decide whether you or your child has inattentive ADHD, hyperactive-impulsive ADHD, combined ADHD or unspecified ADHD. ADHD medications include stimulants like methylphenidate, lisdexamfetamine, and atomox, as well nonstimulants such atomoxetine and certain antidepressants. They work by boosting and balancing the levels of brain chemicals called neurotransmitters.
Counseling
Many people who suffer from ADHD also have comorbid disorders, such as anxiety or depression. diagnose adhd should therefore include therapy that addresses these issues. Certain patients can benefit from cognitive behavioral treatment, which teaches skills like time and task management and emotional self-regulation.
Therapists can also help patients manage their symptoms by changing their lifestyle. For instance an exercise routine that is regularly practiced can reduce hyperactivity and improve concentration. A healthy diet is important; people with ADHD tend to eat higher levels of sugar and fat and less vegetables and fruits than the rest of us. Also, making family and social relationships a priority can lower stress levels and make people feel more in control of their lives.
A diagnosis of ADHD can aid children and adults to recognize their issues. For instance, a child with ADHD may have trouble communicating their needs to teachers and peers However, once a teacher understands that it's not due to personal issues or to inattention accommodations can be implemented.
A professional conducting an ADHD assessment will ask questions specific to the person's age, interview family members and teachers as well as review medical records and look for comorbidities. For adults, records from schools could help determine if the ADHD symptoms started before the age of adulthood.
A physical exam is usually included, and the doctor will likely look for vision and hearing problems. The doctor may also do tests on the blood to check for certain hormones and other health conditions that can cause ADHD-like symptoms.